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A SACRIFICE AT PRATO 



A 

SACRIFICE ATP ) 

AN OLD-FASHIONED NARRATIVE 
BY 

^tAURICE HEWLETT 



HILLSIDE PRESS 
ENGLEVVOOD, NEW JERSEY 
MCMVIII 
CATHEDRAL AND SQUARE AT PRATO 



OTAHq TA SHAUpa QKA JAHQ^hTAD 



A 

SACRIFICE AT PRATO 

AN OLD-FASHIONED NARRATIVE 
BY 

MAURICE HEWLETT 




HILLSIDE PRESS 

ENGLEWOOD, NEW JERSEY 

MCMVIII 



rK47S7 

.S3 

Copyright, 1908, by Frederic M. Burr f/O^ 



lv/0 oies Seofciveo 

MAY 11 iiyo8 

CLASS A xAc. No, 

3. Col^Y A. 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

FROM DRAWINGS 
By WHITMAN BAILEY. 



Cathedral and Square at Prato . Frontispiece 

Facing page 

Outdoor Pulpit by Donatello on 

the facade of the Cathedral 8 

Madonna and Child - lunette by 
Andrea della Robbia - over 
the principal entrance 14 

Bronze Crucifix over the high 

altar 20 

Page 
Houses at Prato 23 



PUBLISHER'S NOTE. 

This little narrative, reprinted from "Earth- 
work Out of Tuscany," is published with 
the special permission of the author. 

Mr. Hewlett himself considers this the 
best chapter in that interesting work, and so 
stated in a recent letter to the publisher. 



A SACRIFICE AT PRATO 



AUTHOR'S NOTE. 

Perhaps I may be allowed to explain that 
this article was w^ritten from the stand- 
point of a cultivated Pagan of the Empire, 
who should have journeyed in Time as well 
as Space. 

M. H. 



A SACRIFICE AT PRATO. 

An old-fashioned narrative. 

THE rim of the sun was burning the 
hill tops, and already the vanguard of 
his strength stemming the morning 
mists, when I and my companion first trod 
the dust of a small town w^hich stood in our 
path. It still lay very hard and white, how- 
ever, and sharply edged to its girdle of olives 
and mulberry trees drenched in dews, a com- 
pactly folded town well fortified by strong 
walls and many towers, with the mist upon 
it and softly over it like a veil. For it lay 
well under the shade of the hills awaiting the 
sun's coming. In the streets, though they 
were by no means asleep, but, contrariwise, 
busy with the traffic of men and pack-mules, 

1 



there was a shrewd bite as of night air; look- 
ing up we could perceive how faint the blue 
of the sky was, and the cloud-flaw how rosy 
yet with the flush of Aurora's beauty-sleep. 
Therefore we were glad to get into the 
market-place, filled with people and set round 
with goodly brick buildings, and to feel the 
light and warmth steal about our limbs. 

"It would seem fitting," said I, "seeing that 
day is at hand and already we enjoy the 
first-fruits of his largess, that we should seek 
some neighbouring shrine where we might 
praise the gods. For never yet was land 
that had not, as its fairest work, gods : and in 
a land so fair as this there must needs be 
gods yet fairer, and shrines to case them in." 
This I said, having observed pious offerings 
laid upon the shrines of divers gods by the 
road. At the which, looking curiously, it 
seemed to me that the inhabitants of this 
country were favoured above the common 
with devout thoughts and the objects of 
them — gods and goddesses. You might not 



pass a farm without its tutelary altar to the 
genius of the place, some holy shade, or — as 
she was figured as a matron — some great 
land-goddess, perhaps Cybele, or the Bona 
Dea; and pleasant it was to me to see that 
the tufts of common flowers set before her 
were for the most part smiling and fresh w^ith 
the dew that assured an early gathering. In 
the streets of the city, moreover, I had seen 
many more such, slight affairs ( it is true ) 
of painted earthenware, some gaudily adorn- 
ed w^ith green and yellow^ colour and of 
workmanship as raw, some painted flat on 
the wall of a recess ( in which was more skill, 
though the device was often gross enough — 
to dwell upon death and despair ), and some 
again of choice beauty, both of form and 
colour, and a most rare blitheness, as it 
might be the spirit of the contrivers break- 
ing through the hard stone. And all of these 
I knew^ to be gods, but the devices upon 
them were hard to be read, or approved. 
There was a naked youth pierced w^ith 



arrows, wherein the texture of smooth flesh 
accorded not well with the bitterness of his 
hurt; a young man also, bearded, of spare 
and mournful habit and girt with a rope 
round his middle ; in his hands were wounds, 
as again of arrows, and there was a rent in 
his garment where a javelin had torn a way 
into his side. Such suffering of wounds and 
broken flesh stared sharply up against the 
young flowers and grasses which spoke of 
healthy wind and rain and a sun-kissed 
earth. Goddesses also I saw — a virgin of 
comely red and white visage; yellow-haired 
she was, crowned like a king's daughter; at 
her side a wheel, cruelly spiked on the outer 
edge and not easily to be related to so heart- 
some a maid. But before them all (with 
one grim exception, to be sure ) I saw the 
Earth-Mother who had been upon the farm 
and homestead-walls, of the same high per- 
fection of form, and in raiment stately and 
adorned, yet (it would seem) something 
sorrowful as she might mourn the loss of 

4 



lover or young child. Now the darkest sight 
I saw was that exception before rehearsed ; 
and it was this. A black cross stood in the 
most joyful places of the city, and one suf- 
fered upon it to very death. \Vhereat I 
marvelled greatly, saying, "Who is the man 
thus tormented whom the people worship 
as a god ? " And my companion answered, 
" A great god he is, if the country report 
lie not, and has many names which amount 
to this, that he has freed this nation from 
bondage and died that he may live again, and 
they too. And of the truth of what they 
say I cannot speak ; but I think he is Bacchus 
the Redeemer, who, as you, Balbus, know, 
was no wanton reveller in lasciviousness, 
but a very god of great benevolence and of 
w^isdom truly dark and awful. Who also 
took our mortal nature upon him and suffer- 
ed in the shades : rising whence ( for he was 
god and man) like the dawn from the night's 
bosom, or the flooding of spring weather 
from the iron gates of winter, he sped over 

5 



land and sea, touching earth and the dwell- 
ers upon it. And to those he touched 
tongues were given and soothsaying, and to 
many the transports of inspiration and divine 
madness, as of poets and rhapsodists. And 
tragedy and choral odes are his, and the 
furious splendour of dances. But of the 
worship of Dionysus you know^ something, 
having been at Eleusis and beheld the holy 
mysteries. 

" Now the god of this people has the same 
gift of tongues and madness of possession. 
To him are also sacred priests of the oracle, 
and high tragedies, and the wailing of music, 
and streaming processions of virgins and 
young boys. He too agonised and arose 
stronger and more shining than before, dying, 
indeed, and rising at the very vernal equinox 
we have mentioned. He too is worshipped 
in certain Mysteries whereat the confession 
of iniquity and the cleansing of hearts come 
first : and the sacrifice is just that wheaten 
cake and fruit of the vine whereof, at 

6 



Eleusis, you have praised to me the simplic- 
ity and ethic beauty. And he can inspire 
his devotees with frenzy. For I have heard 
that certain men of the country, on a day, 
and urged by his daemon, run naked from 
place to place in honour of him, lashing their 
bare backs with ox-goads ; and will fast by 
the week together, they and the women 
alike ; and that pious virgins, under stress of 
these things, swoon and are floated betwixt 
earth and heaven, and afterwards relate their 
blissful encounters and prophesy strange 
matters; receiving also dolorous wounds 
(which nevertheless are very sweet to them) 
like to the wounds which he himself receiv- 
ed unto death ; and all these things they en- 
dure because they are mystically fraught 
with the wisdom and efficacy of the god. 
Nay, I have been told that in the parts over 
sea, towards the North and W^est, he is 
worshipped, just as at Eleusis, with pipes 
and timbrels and brazen cymbals and all ex- 
cess of music; and there they dance in 



his service and suffer the ecstasies of the 
Maenads and Corybants in the Dionysiac 
revel. But this I find quaint to be believed." 
Now when I had heard so much, I was 
the more desirous to find some temple where 
I could observe the cult of this wounded 
god, and so sought counsel of my friend 
versed in the people's learning. To my 
questioning he replied that it would be easy. 
W^e were (said he) in the market-place a- 
mong the buyers and chafferers of fruit, 
vegetables, earthenware, milk, eggs, and such 
country produce ; which honest folk, it being 
the hour of the morning sacrifice and the 
temple facing us, would soon abandon their 
brisk toil for religion's sake ; whereupon we 
too would go. So I looked across the square 
and saw a very fair building, lofty and many 
windowed, all of clean white marble, banded 
over with bars of a smooth black stone, 
curiously carved, moreover, in sculptured 
work of gods and men and of flowers and 
fruits — all cut in the pure marble. At one 

8 




OUTDOOR PULPIT BY DONATELLO 
(ON THE FACADE OF THE CATHEDRAL) 



his service and suffer the ecstasies of the 
Maenads and Corybants in the Dionysiac 
reveL But this I find quaint to be believed." 
Now when I had heard so much, I was 
the more desirous to find some temple where 
I cou' ' ^ — *^he cult of this wounded 
god, . . ht counsel of my friend 

versed m the people's learning. To my 

questr ^' ....!.! ^j^^t jt would be easy. 

We V ,:5 the market-place a- 

mong the buyers and chafferers of fruit, 

vr' - '-^ ' • ., .iu «ggs^ and such 

c ^ folk, it being 

the hour or r^; and the 

temple fa*" ■ ndon their 

brisk toil ; eupon we 

too would go. across the square 

and saw r? - ig, lofty and many 

windowcc f<? marble, banded 

over with oars o* e black stone, 

curiou>Vfv' '^a-vrtl. m . V ... m sculptured 
, ojjaTAMoa Ya Tiq juq .iiooaTuo , 

fruits — all cut in the pure marble. At one 
8 




mmm 




side was a noble rostrum, of the like fine 
stone, whereon young boys and girls, as it 
were fauns and dryads and other woodland 
creatures, capered as they list: and above 
the midmost door a semi-circle of pale blue 
enamel, whereon was the image of the Great 
Goddess in gleaming white. She was of 
smiling debonnair countenance and in the 
full pride of her blossom-time — being as a 
young woman whose girdle is new loosed to 
the will of her lord — and in her arms was a 
naked child, finely wrought to the size of life. 
On either side of her a beautiful youth (in 
whom I must needs admire the smoothness 
of their chins and the bravery of their 
vesture shining in the clear light), did rev- 
erence to the Goddess and the child: and 
there were beings, winged like birds, with 
the faces of strong boys, but no bodies at all 
that I could see, who flew above them all. 
This w^as brave work, very w^onderful to me 
in a people who, thus excellently inspired 
and having such comely smiling divinities 

9 



and so clear a vision of them before their 
eyes, could yet be curious after suffering 
heroes and stabbed virgins and gods with 
mangled limbs. But we went into the temple 
with the good people of the country-side to 
the sound of bells from a high tow^er hard 
by. And I was something surprised that 
they brought no beasts with them for the 
sacrifice, nor any of the fruits which w^ere so 
abundant in the land; but my companion 
reminded me again that the sacrifice was 
ready prepared within, and was, as it were, 
emblematical of all fruits and every sort of 
meat, being that wine and bread into which 
you may comprehend all bodily and (by a 
figure) ghostly sustenance. By this we 
were within the temple, which I now per- 
ceived was a pantheon, having altars to all 
the gods, some only of whose shrines I had 
remarked on the way thither. Dark and 
lofty it was, with piered arches that soared 
into the mist, and jewelled windows pain- 
fully worked in histories and fables of old 

10 



time — all as far apart as conceivably might 
be from the holy places of my own country ; 
for whereas, with us, the level gaze of the 
sun is never absent, and through the colon- 
nades you would see stretches of the far 
blue country, or, perchance, the shimmer of 
the restless sea, here no light of day could 
penetrate, and all the senses might appre- 
hend must be of solemn darkness, longing 
thoughts to cleave it, and, afar off and dim, 
some flutter of even light as of blest abodes. 
A strange people ! to despise the sure and 
fair, for the taunting shadows of desire. But, 
growing more familiar in the middle of 
newness and the awe that comes of it, I was 
again amazed at the number of the gods, 
their nature and sort. I saw again the arrow - 
stricken youth, whom we call Asclepius 
(but never knew thus tormented — as with 
his father's arrows!) and again the Maid of 
the Wheel, Fortune as I suppose: but with 
us the wheel is not so manifestly bitter. 
Then also the wounded hero, cowled and 

11 



corded, ragged exceedingly, the like of whom 
we have not, unless it be some stripling 
loved by an immortal and wounded to death 
by grudging Fate, as Atys or Adonis. And 
if, indeed, this were one of them, the image- 
maker did surely err in making him of so vile 
a presence — a thing against all likelihood 
that the gods, being themselves of super- 
excellent shapeliness, should stoop to any- 
thing of less favour. Yet he was of singular 
sweetness in his pains, and high fortitude: 
and he was much loved of the people, as I 
afterwards learned. And one was a young 
knight, winged and with a sword in his 
hand ; at his feet a grievous worm of many 
folds. This I must take for Perseus but 
that his radiancy did rather point him for 
Phoebus, the lord of days and the red sun. 
But in the centre of the whole temple was 
an altar, high and broad, fenced about with 
steps and a rail, which I took to be made 
unto the god of gods or perhaps the king of 
that country, until I saw the black cross and 

12 



the Agonist hanging from it as one dead. 
Then I knew that the chief god of this people 
was Dionysus the Redeemer, if it were 
really he. But I had reason to alter my 
opinion on that matter as you shall hear. 

By this the temple was filled with the 
country folk who flocked in with the very 
reek of their toil upon them and hardly so 
much as their implements and marketable 
wares left behind. They were of all ages 
and conditions, both youths and maids, 
arrowy, tall, and open-eyed; and aged ones 
there were, bowed by labour and seamed 
with the stress of weather or the assaults of 
unstaying Fate: whereof, for the most part, 
the women sat down against the wall and 
plied dextrously their fans; but the men 
stood leaning against the pillars which held 
the timbers of the roof. And they conversed 
easily together, and some were merry, and 
others, as I could perceive, beset with affairs 
of government or business — for they talked 
more vehemently of these matters than of 

13 



others, as men will, even beneath the very 
eyelids of the god. And so I could under- 
stand that this sacrifice was not the yearly 
celebrating of high mysteries, but the 
common piety of every day with which it is 
rather seemly than essential we should 
begin our labouring. There were, indeed, 
signs in the apparelling of the temple that 
more solemn festivals were sometimes held, 
as the delivery of oracles, the calculation of 
auspices and such like : that, at least, I took 
to be the intention of small recesses along 
the walls, that, through a grating of fine 
brass, a priest of the sanctuary uttered the 
wisdom of the god in sentences which the 
meaner sort should fit with what ease they 
might to their circumstances. For, I sup- 
pose, it is still found good that the dark say- 
ing of the Oracle should be illumined by the 
subtlety of the initiate and not by the ne- 
cessities of the simple. And while I was 
thus musing I found the ministrants in 
shining white about the great altar, busied 

14 



MADONNA AJ<iB CHILD— LtJNETTE BY 
ANDREA DELLA ROBIA— OVER 
THE PRINCIPAL ENTRANCE • 



others, as men will, even beneath the very 
eyelids of the god. And so I could under- 
stand that this sacrifice was not the yearly 
celebrating of high mysteries, but the 
common piety of every day with which it is 
rather seemly than essential we should 
begin our labouring. There were, indeed, 
signs in the apparelUng of the temple that 
more netimes held, 

as the , calculation of 

auspices and such like . that, at least, I took 
to be -ses along 

the \A ,'ig of fine 

brass, a priest of ihr sanctuary uttered the 
wisdc ' tences which the 

mean' .h what ease they 

might to their circumstances. For, I sup- 
posc; that the dark say- 

ing 01 : illumined by the 

subtlety of the initiate and not by the ne- 

shining white about the great altar, busied 
14 



with the preparation for the rite, lighting the 
torches (very inconsiderable for so large a 
building, but, mayhap, proportionate to the 
condition of the people) : and they placed a 
great book upon the altar, and bowed them- 
selves ere they left. And soon afterwards, 
to the ringing of a bell, came the priest's boy 
carrying the offering of the altar, and the 
priest himself in stiff garments of white and 
yellow^. 

Now, for the sacrifice, I could not well 
understand it, save that it was very shortly 
done and with a light heart accepted by the 
people, who (I thought) held it as of the 
number of those services whose bare per- 
formance is efficacious and wholesome — on 
account, partly of reverent antiquity and 
long usage, and partly as having some hidden 
virtue best known to the god in whose hon- 
our it is done. For in my ow^n country, I 
know well, there were many such rites, 
whose commission edified the people more 
than their omission would have dishonoured 

15 



the god : wise men, therefore (as priests and 
philosophers), who would live in peace, bow 
their bodies by rule, knowing surely that 
their souls may be bolt upright notwith- 
standing. So here were many solemn acts 
which, doubtless, once had some now^ un- 
fathomable design and purport, diligently 
rehearsed, while the worshippers gazed 
about with dull unconcern, or, being young, 
cast eyes of longing upon the country w^ench- 
es set laughing and rosy by the wall, or, old, 
nursed their infirmities. And, on a sudden, 
a bell rang ; and again rang ; and the packed 
body of men and women fell upon their faces, 
and so remained in a horrific silence for a 
space where a man might count a score. 
Thereafter another bell, as of release. So the 
assembly rose to their feet and, as I saw, 
swept from their foreheads and breasts the 
dust of the temple floor. But as soon as it 
was over, a very old priest came through the 
press and offered the same sacrifice in a little 
guarded shrine at the lower end, amid many 

16 



lamps and wax torches and glittering orna- 
ments. Here was more devotion among the 
people, indeed a great struggling and elbow- 
ing just so as to touch the altar, or the steps 
of it, or the priest's hem, or even the rails 
which fenced the shrine. And with some 
show of good reason was this hubbub, as I 
learned. For here was indeed treasured the 
Girdle of Venus (this being her very sanctu- 
ary) and as much desired as ever it was by 
women great with child or wanting to con- 
ceive. And I looked very curiously upon it, 
but the Girdle I could never see ; only there 
was a painted image over the altar of the 
great queen-mother, Venus Genetrix herself, 
depicted as a broad-browed, placid matron 
giving of the fruits of her bounteous breasts 
to a male child. Then I knew that this was 
that same Goddess who stood over the outer 
door of the place, and was well pleased to 
find that the people, howsoever ignorantly, 
adored the power that en wombs the world, — 
Venus, the life-bringer and quickener of 

17 



things that breathe, — and could, in this 
matter, touch hearts with the wise. So with 
this thought, that truly God w^as one and 
men divers, I came out of the temple well 
pleased, into the level light of the day's beam. 
In the tavern doorway, under a bush of 
green ilex, we sat down in company to eat 
bread and peaches sopped in the wine of the 
country, and talked very briskly of all the 
things we had seen and heard. And soon 
into the current of our discourse was drawn 
a dark-faced youth, who had been observing 
us earnestly for some time from under his 
hanging brows, and who, growing mighty 
curious (as I find the way of them is), must 
know who and whence we were and of 
what belief and condition in the world. So 
when I had satisfied him, "Turn for turn," 
said I, "my honest friend: being strangers, 
as you have learned, we have seen many 
things which touch us nearly, and some 
which are hard of reading. But this very 
reading is to us of high concernment, for 

18 



these matters relate to religion, and religion, 
of what sort soever it may be, no man can 
venture to despise. For certain I am, that, 
as a man hath never seen the gods, so he may 
never be sure that he hath ever conceived 
them, even darkly, as in a mirror. For 
we are dw^ellers in a cave, my friend, with 
our backs to the light, and may not tell of a 
truth whether the shadows that flit and fade 
be indeed gods or no. Tell me, therefore, 
(for I am puzzled by it), is the goddess whose 
presentment I yet see over your temple- 
porch, that Mother of gods and men, yea, 
even Mother of life itself, to whom we also 
bend the neck ? " 

"She is, sir, as we believe. Mother of God; 
and therefore, God being author of life, 
Mother of life and all things living." 

"It is as I had believed," said I, "and you, 
young sir, and I, may bow together in that 
temple of hers without offence. For the 
temple is to her honour as I conceive?" 

19 



"Why, yes," he answered, "it is raised to 
her most holy name and to that of our Lord." 

"And your Lord, who is this? and which 
altar is his ? For there are many." 

"The great altar is his, and indeed he is 
to be worshipped in all," said the young 
man. 

"He is then the tortured god, whose sem- 
blance hangs upon the black cross?" 
He is. 

Then I begged him to tell me why these 
mournful images were scattered over his 
goodly earth, these maimed gods, this blood 
and weeping; but I may not set down all 
that he told me, seeing that much of it was 
dark, and much, as I thought, not pertinent 
to the issue. Much again w^as said with his 
hands, which I cannot interpret here. Suffice 
it that I learned this concerning the Agonist, 
that he was the son of the goddess and 
greater than she, though in a sense less. 
Mortal he was, and immortal, abject to look 
upon, being indeed accounted a malefactor 

20 




BRONZE CRUCIFIX OVER THE HIGH ALTAR 



"Why, yes," he answered, "it is raised to 
her most holy name and to that of our Lord. " 

"And your Lord, who is this? and which 
altar is his ? For there are many." 

"The great altar is his, and indeed he is 
to be worshipF>ed in all," said the young 
man. 

"He is then the tortured god, whose sem- 
blance hangs upon the black cross?" 

"He is." 

Then I begged him to tell me why these 
mournful imager ' 1 over his 

goodly earth, the^ rhis biood 

and weeping; bu not set do>wn all 

that V ■ ' ' " • ^s 

dark. nt 

to the issue. Much again was said with his 
hands, which I cannot interpret here. Suffice 
it that I learned this concerning the Agonist, 
that he was the son of the goddess and 
greater than she, though in a sense less. 
Mortal he was, and immortal, abject to look 
^^Ti^iAi^ggi aearedP:4«ft)*i'gaaufl3nakJ«o^a 

20 



and crucified like a thief; and yet a king of 
men, speaking wisdom whereof the like hath 
hardly been heard. For of two things he 
taught there would seem to be no bottom to 
them, so profound and unsearchable they 
are. And one of them was this, — "The 
kingdom is within you" (or some such 
words) ; and the other was, "Who will lose 
his life shall save it." Whereof, methinks, 
the first comprehends all the teaching of the 
Academy and the second that of the Porch. 
So this man must needs have been a god, 
and whether the son or no of the Soul of the 
World, greater than she. For what she did, 
as it were by necessity and her blind inher- 
ing power, he KNEW. Therefore he must 
have been Wisdom itself. And thus I knew 
that he could not be Dionysus the Saviour, 
though he might have many of his attributes ; 
nor simply that son of Venus whom Auson- 
ius alone of our poets saw fastened to a 
cross. So at last, "I will tell you," said I, 
"who this god really is, as it seems to me. 

21 



Being of vile estate and yet greatest of all ; 
being mortal and yet immortal, god and 
man; being at once most wise and most 
simple, and (as such his condition imports) 
intermediate between Earth and Heaven, he 
must needs be the Divine Eros, concerning 
whom Plato's words are yet w^ith us. So I 
can understand why he is so wise, why he 
suffers always, and yet cannot be driven by 
torment nor persuaded by sophisms to cease 
loving. For the necessity of love is to crave 
ever ; and he is Love himself. Wherefore I 
am very sure he can lead men, if they will, 
from the fair things of the world to those 
infinitely fairer things in themselves w^here- 
by what we now have are so very fair to 
see. And he may well be son of this 
goddess and nourished by her milk; for it 
behoves us that a god should stand between 
Earth and Heaven and be compact of the 
elements of either, so that he should conde- 
scend the wisdom of his head to instruct the 
clemency of his heart. And we know, you 

22 



and I, that the gods are but attributes of 
God, whose intellect (as I say) may well be 
in Heaven, but his heart is in the Earth, and 
is the core of it. For so w^e say of the poet 
that his heart is ever in his fair work." 

Thus w^e took our wine and were well 
content to sit in the sunshine. 




, v-f"'- 



This edition of "A Sacrifice at Prato" — 
designed, set up and printed from the type 
by Frederic M. Burr at the Hillside Press, 
Englewood, New Jersey — was completed in 
April, 1908. The head-band and title-page 
ornament were made by Frederic W. Goudy. 
Eighty copies on Van Gelder paper. 



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